Books, Chapters and Articles in Social Psychology: Aggression (CROW)

= new link as of June 1, 2010

Books

Wellford, C. F., Pepper, J. V., & Petrie, C. V. (2004). Firearms and violence: A critical review. The National Academies Press. [added 3/3/05]

Burbank, V. K. (1994). Fighting women: Anger and aggression in aboriginal australia. Berkeley: University of California Press. [added 6/4/04]

Book Chapter

Anderson, C.A. (2000). Violence and aggression. In A.E. Kazdin (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Psychology, 8, 162-169. New York & Washington D.C.: Oxford University Press and the American Psychological Association.

Anderson, C.A. (2002). Violent video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. (pp. 101-119). In Calvert, S. L., Jordan, A. B., & Cocking, R. R. (Eds.) Children in the Digital Age. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger.

Anderson, C.A. (2003). Video games and aggressive behavior. In D. Ravitch and J.P. Viteritti (eds.), Kid Stuff: Marketing Sex and Violence to America's Children (pp. 143-167). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Anderson, C.A., & Anderson, K.B. (1998). Temperature and aggression: Paradox, controversy, and a (fairly) clear picture. In R. Geen & E. Donnerstein (Eds.) Human aggression: Theories, research and implications for policy. (pp. 247-298). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Anderson, C.A., Anderson, K.B., Dorr, N., DeNeve, K.M., & Flanagan, M. (2000). Temperature and aggression. In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 32, 63-133.

Anderson, C.A., & Huesmann, L.R. (2003). Human aggression: A social-cognitive view (pp. 296-323). In M.A. Hogg & J. Cooper (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology. London: Sage Publications.

Anderson, C.A., & Carnagey, N.L. (2004). Violent evil and the general aggression model . Chapter in A. Miller (Ed.) The Social Psychology of Good and Evil (pp. 168-192). New York: Guilford Publications.

Anderson, C.A., & Gentile, D.A. (2008). Media violence, aggression, and public policy. In E. Borgida & S. Fiske (Eds.), Beyond Common Sense: Psychological Science in the Courtroom (pp. 281-300). Malden, MA: Blackwell.

Bailey, K., West. R., & Anderson, C. A. (in press). The influence of video games on social, cognitive, and affective information processing. Chapter in J. Decety & J. Cacioppo (Eds.) Handbook of Social Neuroscience. New York: Oxford University Press.

Buckley, K. E., & Anderson, C. A. (2006). A Theoretical Model of the Effects and Consequences of Playing Video Games. Chapter in P. Vorderer & J. Bryant (Eds.), Playing Video Games - Motives, Responses, and Consequences (pp. 363-378). Mahwah,NJ: LEA.

Bushman, B.J., & Anderson, C.A. (1998). Methodology in the study of aggression: Integrating experimental and nonexperimental findings. In R. Geen & E. Donnerstein (Eds.) Human aggression: Theories, research and implications for policy (pp. 23-48). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Buss, D.M., & Duntley, J.D. (2006). The evolution of aggression. In M. Schaller, D.T. Kenrick, & J.A. Simpson (Eds.), Evolution and social psychology (pp. 263-286). New York: Psychology Press.

Carnagey, N.L. & Anderson, C.A. (2003). Theory in the study of media violence: The General Aggression Model. In D. Gentile (Ed.) Media Violence and Children (pp. 87-106), Westport, CT: Praeger.

Duntley, J. D. & Buss, D. M. (2005). The plausibility of adaptations for homicide. In P. Carruthers, S. Laurence and S. Stich (Eds.), The Innate Mind: Structure and Contents (pp. 291-304). Oxford University Press, USA.

Gentile, D.A., & Anderson, C.A. (2003). Violent video games: The newest media violence hazard. In D. Gentile (Ed.) Media Violence and Children (pp. 131-152), Westport, CT: Praeger.

Gentile, D.A., & Anderson, C.A. (2006). Violent Video Games: Effects on Youth and Public Policy Implications. Chapter in N. Dowd, D. G. Singer, & R. F. Wilson (Eds.), Handbook of Children, Culture, and Violence (pp. 225-246). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Gentile, D.A., & Anderson, C.A. (2006). Video Games. In N. J. Salkind (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Human Development, 3, 1303-1307. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Sherry, J. L. (2006). Research on violent video games and aggression: A translation. In P. Messaris & L. Humphreys (Eds.). Digital media: Transformations in human communication. NY: Peter Lang. [added 7/15/05]

Swing, E. L., Gentile, D. A., & Anderson, C. A. (2009). Violent video games: Learning processes and outcomes. In R. E. Ferdig (Ed.), Handbook of research on effective electronic gaming in education, Vol. 2 (pp. 876-892). Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference.

Articles

Adams, R. B., Gordon, H. L., Baird, A. A., Ambady, N., & Kleck, R. E. (2003). Effects of gaze on amygdala sensitivity to anger and fear faces. Science, 300, 1536-1537. [added 1/21/05]

Anderson, C.A. (1997). Effects of violent movies and trait hostility on hostile feelings and aggressive thoughts. Aggressive Behavior, 23, 161-178.

Anderson, C.A. (2001). Heat and violence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 33-38.

Anderson, C.A. (2003). Violent video games: Myths, facts, and unanswered questions. Psychological Science Agenda: Science Briefs, 16, 1-3.

Anderson, C.A. (2004). An update on the effects of violent video games. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 113-122.

Anderson, C.A., & Anderson, K.B. (1996). Violent crime rate studies in philosophical context: A destructive testing approach to heat and southern culture of violence effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 740-756.

Anderson, C. A., & Anderson, K. B. (2008). Men who target women: Specificity of target, generality of aggressive behavior. Aggressive Behavior, 34, 605-622.

Anderson, C.A., Anderson, K.B., & Deuser, W.E. (1996). Examining an affective aggression framework: Weapon and temperature effects on aggressive thoughts, affect, and attitudes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 366-376.

Anderson, C.A., Benjamin, A.J., & Bartholow, B.D. (1998). Does the gun pull the trigger? Automatic priming effects of weapon pictures and weapon names. Psychological Science, 9, 308-314.

Anderson, C. A., Benjamin, A. J., Wood, P. K., & Bonacci, A.M. (2006). Development and testing of the Velicer Attitudes Toward Violence Scale: Evidence for a four-factor model. Aggressive Behavior, 32, 122-136.

Anderson, C.A., Berkowitz, L., Donnerstein, E., Huesmann, R.L., Johnson, J., Linz, D., Malamuth, N., & Wartella, E. (2003). The influence of media violence on youth. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4, 81-110.

Anderson, C.A., Buckley, K.E., & Carnagey, N.L. (2008). Creating your own hostile environment: A laboratory examination of trait aggression and the violence escalation cycle. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 462-473.

Anderson, C.A., & Bushman, B.J. (1997). External validity of "trivial" experiments: The case of laboratory aggression. Review of General Psychology, 1, 19-41.

Anderson, C.A. & Bushman, B.J. (2001). Media violence and the American public: Scientific facts versus media misinformation. American Psychologist, Vol. 56, No. 6/7, 477-489.

Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2001). Effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, physiological arousal, and prosocial aehavior: A meta-analytic review of the scientific literature. Psychological Science, 12, 353-359.

Anderson, C.A., & Bushman, B.J. (2002). The effects of media violence on society. Science, 295, 2377-2378.

Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2002). Media violence and the American Public revisited. American Psychologist, 57, 448-450.

Anderson, C.A. & Bushman, B.J. (2002). Human aggression. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 27-51.

Anderson, C.A., Bushman, B.J., & Groom, R.W. (1997). Hot years and serious and deadly assault: Empirical tests of the heat hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1213-1223.

Anderson, C. A., & Carnagey, N. L. (2009). Causal effects of violent sports video games on aggression: Is it competitiveness or violent content? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 731-739.

Anderson, C.A., Carnagey, N.L., & Eubanks, J. (2003). Exposure to violent media: The effects of songs with violent lyrics on aggressive thoughts and feelings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 960-971.

Anderson, C. A., Carnagey, N. L., Flanagan, M., Benjamin, A. J., Eubanks, J., & Valentine, J. C. (2004). Violent video games: Specific effects of violent content on aggressive thoughts and behavior. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 36, 199-249.

Anderson, C.A, Deuser, W.E., DeNeve, K. (1995). Hot temperatures, hostile affect, hostile cognition, and arousal: Tests of a general model of affective aggression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 434-448.

Anderson, C.A., & Dill, K.E. (2000). Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the laboratory and in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 772-790.

Anderson, C.A., Funk, J.B., & Griffiths, M.D. (2004). Contemporary issues in adolescent video game playing: Brief overview and introduction to the special issue. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 1-3.

Anderson, C.A., & Morrow, M. (1995). Competitive aggression without interaction: Effects of competitive versus cooperative instructions on aggressive behavior in video games. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 1020-1030.

Anderson, C.A., & Murphy, C.R. (2003). Violent video games and aggressive behavior in young women. Aggressive Behavior, 29, 423-429.

Anderson, C. A., Sakamoto, A., Gentile, D. A., Ihori, N., & Shibuya, A., Yukawa, S., Naito, M., & Kobayashi, K. (2008). Longitudinal effects of violent video games aggression in Japan and the United States. Pediatrics, 122, 1067-1072.

Anderson, K.B., Anderson, C.A., Dill, K.E., & Deuser, W.E. (1998). The interactive relations between trait hostility, pain, and aggressive thoughts. Aggressive Behavior, 24, 161-171.

Bailey, K., West, R., & Anderson, C. A. (2010). A negative association between video game experience and proactive cognitive control. Psychophysiology, 47, 34-42.

Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 575-582. [added 4/17/08]

Barlett, C. P., Anderson, C. A., & Swing, E. L. (2009). Video game effects confirmed, suspected and speculative: A review of the evidence. Simulation & Gaming, 40, 377-403.

Bartholow, B.D., & Anderson, C.A. (2002). Effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior: Potential sex differences. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 283-290.

Bartholow, B.D., Anderson, C.A., Carnagey, N.L., & Benjamin, A.J. (2005). Individual differences in knowledge structures and priming: The weapons priming effect in hunters and nonhunters. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 48-60.

Bartholow, B. D., Bushman, B. J., & Sestir, M. A. (2006). Chronic violent video game exposure and desensitization to violence: Behavioral and event-related brain potential data. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42, 532-539.

Former Prime Minister Tony Blair references this research

Bushman, B. J. (1998). Effects of television violence on memory of commercial messages. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 4, 291-307.

Bushman, B. J. (2002). Does venting anger feed or extinguish the flame? Catharsis, rumination, distraction, anger, and aggressive responding. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 724-731.

Bushman, B. J. (2005). Violence and sex in television programs do not sell products in advertisements. Psychological Science, 16, 702-708.

Bushman, B. J. & Anderson, C. A. (2001). Effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, physiological arousal, and prosocial behavior: A meta-analytic review of the scientific literature. Psychological Science, 12, 353-359.

Bushman, B. J., & Anderson, C. A. (2001). Media violence and the American public: Scientific facts versus media misinformation. American Psychologist, 56, 477-489.

Bushman, B. J., & Anderson, C. A. (2001). Is it time to pull the plug on the hostile versus instrumental aggression dichotomy? Psychological Review, 108, 273-279.

Bushman, B. J. & Anderson, C. A. (2002). Media violence and societal violence. Science, 295, 2377-2378.

Bushman, B. J. & Anderson, C. A. (2002). Human aggression. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 27-51.

Bushman, B. J. & Anderson, C. A. (2002). Media violence and the American Public revisited. American Psychologist, 57, 448-450.

Bushman, B. J., & Anderson, C. A. (2002). Violent video games and hostile expectations: A test of the General Aggression Model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1679-1689.

Bushman, B. J., & Anderson, C.A. (2007). Measuring the strength of the effect of violent media on aggression. American Psychologist, 62, 253-254.

Bushman, B. J., & Anderson, C. A. (2009). Comfortably numb: Desensitizing effects of violent media on helping others. Psychological Science, 21, 273-277.

Podcast about the research

Bushman, B. J., & Baumeister, R. F. (1998). Threatened egotism, narcissism, self-esteem, and direct and displaced aggression: Does self-love or self-hate lead to violence? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 219-229.

Bushman, B. J., Baumeister, R. F., & Campbell, W. K. (2000). Self-esteem, narcissism, and aggression: Does violence result from low self-esteem or from threatened egotism? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 26-29.

Bushman, B. J., Baumeister, R. F., & Phillips, C. M. (2001). Do people aggress to improve their mood? Catharsis beliefs, affect regulation opportunity, and aggressive responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 17-32.

Bushman, B., Baumeister, R., & Stack, A. (1999). Catharsis, aggression, and persuasive influence: Self-fulfilling or self-defeating prophecies? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 367-376.

Bushman, B. J., Baumeister, R. F., Thomaes, S., Ryu, E., Begeer, S., & West, S. G. (2009). Looking again, and harder, for a link between low self-esteem and aggression. Journal of Personality, 77, 427-446.

Bushman, B. J., & Bonacci, A. M. (2002). Violence and sex impair memory for television ads. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 557-564.

Bushman, B. J., Bonacci, A. M., Pedersen, W. C., Vasquez, E. A., & Miller, N. (2005). Chewing on it can chew you up: Effects of rumination on triggered displaced aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 969-983.

Bushman, B. J., Bonacci, A. M., van Dijk, M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2003). Narcissism, sexual refusal, and aggression: Testing a narcissistic reactance model of sexual coercion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1027-1040.

Bushman, B. J., & Cantor, J. (2003). Media ratings for violence and sex: Implications for policy makers and parents. American Psychologist, 58, 130-141.

Bushman, B. J., & Huesmann, L. R. (2006). Short-term and long-term effects of violent media on aggression in children and adults. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 160, 348-352.

Bushman, B. J., & Phillips, C. M. (2001). If the television program bleeds, memory for the advertisement recedes. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 44-47.

Bushman, B. J., Ridge, R. D., Das, E., Key, C. W., & Busath, G. L. (2007). When God sanctions killing; Effect of scriptural violence on aggression. Psychological Science, 18, 204-207.

Article about the research

Bushman, B.J., Wang, M.C. & Anderson, C.A. (2005). Is the curve relating temperature to aggression linear or curvilinear? Assaults and temperature in Minneapolis reexamined. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 62-66.

Bushman, B. J., Wang, M. C., & Anderson, C.A. (2005). Is the Curve Relating Temperature to Aggression Linear or Curvilinear? A response to Bell (2005) and to Cohn and Rotton (2005). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 74-77.

Bushman, B. J. & Wells, G. L. (1998). Trait aggressiveness and hockey penalties: Predicting hot tempers on the ice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 969-974.

Carnagey, N.L., & Anderson, C.A. (2004). Violent video game exposure and aggression: A literature review. Minerva Psichiatrica, 45, 1-18.

Carnagey, N. L., & Anderson, C.A. (2005). The Effects of Reward and Punishment in Violent Video Games on Aggressive Affect, Cognition, and Behavior. Psychological Science, 16, 882-889.

Carnagey, N. L. & Anderson, C. A. (2007). Changes in attitudes towards war and violence after September 11, 2001. Aggressive Behavior, 33, 118-129.

Carnagey, N. L., Anderson, C. A., & Bartholow, B. D. (2007). Media violence and social neuroscience: New questions and new opportunities. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 178-182. [added 7/14/07]

Carnagey, N. L., Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2007). The effect of video game violence on physiological desensitization to real-life violence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 489-496. [added 7/14/07]

Blog entry about the research

DeWall, C, N., & Bushman, B. J. (2009). Hot under the collar in a lukewarm environment: Hot temperature primes increase aggressive thoughts and hostile perceptions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 1045-1047.

DeWall, C., Bushman, B., Giancola, P., & Webster, G. (2010). The big, the bad, and the boozed-up: Weight moderates the effect of alcohol on aggression. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46, 619-623.

Blog entry on the research

Article on the research

DeWall, C. N., Twenge, J. M., Gitter, S. A., & Baumeister, R. F. (2009). It's the thought that counts: The role of hostile cognition in shaping aggressive responses to social exclusion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 45-59.

Press release about the research

Dill, J., & Anderson, C.A. (1995). Effects of justified and unjustified frustration on aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 21, 359-369.

Dill, K.E., Anderson, C.A., Anderson, K.B., & Deuser, W.E. (1997). Effects of aggressive personality on social expectations and social perceptions. Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 272-292.

Fast, N. J., & Chen, S. (2009). When the boss feels inadequate: Power, incompetence, and aggression. Psychological Science, 20, 1406-1413.

Press release about the research

Blog entry about the research

Fischer, P., Kubitzki, J., Guter, S., & Frey, D. (2007). Virtual driving and risk taking: Do racing games increase risk-taking cognitions, affect, and behaviors? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 13, 22-31. [added 7/13/07]

Gentile, D. A., Anderson, C. A., Yukawa, S., Ihori, N., Saleem, M., Ming, L. K., Liau, A. K., Khoo, A., Bushman, B. J., Huesmann, L. R., & Sakamoto, A. (2009). The effects of prosocial video games on prosocial behaviors: International evidence from correlational, longitudinal, and experimental studies. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 752-763.

Gentile, D. A. & Gentile, J. R. (2008). Violent video games as exemplary teachers: A conceptual analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 9, 127-141.

Blog entry about the research

Gentile, D. A., Saleem, M., & Anderson, C. A. (2007). Public policy and the effects of media violence on children. Social Issues and Policy Review, 1, 15-61.

Gentile, D. A. & Stone, W. (2005). Violent video game effects on children and adolescents: A review of the literature. Minerva Pediatrica, 57, 337-358.

Giancola, P.R, Josephs, R.A., & Dewall, N. (2009). Applying the attention-allocation model to the explanation of alcohol-related aggression: Implications for prevention. Substance Use and Misuse, 44, 1263-1278.

Gino, F., & Pierce, L. (2009). Dishonesty in the name of equity. Psychological Science, 20, 1153-1160.

Blog entry about the research

Herek, G.M. (2009). Hate crimes and stigma-related experiences among sexual minority adults in the United States: Prevalence estimates from a national probability sample. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24, 54-74. [added 11/20/07]

Blog entry about the research

Hickman, L.J., Jaycox, L. & Aronoff, J. (2004). Dating violence among adolescents prevalence, gender distribution, and prevention program effectiveness. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 5, 123-142. [added 11/30/05]

Jackson, B., Kubzansky, L. B., Cohen, S., Jacobs, D. R., & Wright, R. J. (2007). Does harboring hostility hurt? Associations between hostility and pulmonary function in the coronary artery risk development in (young) adults (CARDIA) study. Health Psychology, 26, 333-340. [added 7/14/07]

James, L. R., & LeBreton, J. M. (2010). Assessing aggression using conditional reasoning. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 31-35.

Josephs, R. A., Newman, M. L, Brown, R. P., & Beer, J. M. (2003). Status, testosterone, and human intellectual performance: Stereotype threat as status concern. Psychological Science, 14, 158-163.

Josephs, R. A., Sellers, J. G., Newman, M. L., & Mehta, P.H.(2006). The mismatch effect: When testosterone and status are at odds. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 999-1013.

Konijn, E. A., Nije Bijvank, M., & Bushman, B. J. (2007). I wish I were a warrior: The role of wishful identification in effects of violent video games on aggression in adolescent boys. Developmental Psychology, 43, 1038-1044.

Konrath, S., Bushman, B. J., & Campbell, W. K. (2006). Attenuating the link between threatened egotism and aggression. Psychological Science, 17, 995-1001.

Konrath, S., Bushman, B. J., & Grove, T. (2009). Seeing my world in a million little pieces: Narcissism, self-construal, and cognitive-perceptual style. Journal of Personality, 77, 1197-1228.

Lindsay, J.L., & Anderson, C.A. (2000). From antecedent conditions to violent actions: A general affective aggression model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 533-547.

Mehta, P. H., & Josephs, R. A. (2006). Testosterone change after losing predicts the decision to compete again. Hormones and Behavior, 50, 684-692.

Mehta, P.H., Jones, A.C., & Josephs, R.A. (2008). The social endocrinology of dominance: Basal testosterone predicts cortisol changes and behavior following victory and defeat. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 1078–1093.

Mehta, P.H., Jones, A.C., & Josephs, R.A. (2008). The social endocrinology of dominance: Basal testosterone predicts cortisol changes and behavior following victory and defeat. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 1078–1093.

Mehta, P.H., Wuehrmann, E.V., & Josephs, R.A. (2009). When are low testosterone levels advantageous?: The moderating role of individual versus intergroup competition. Hormones & Behavior, 56, 158-162.

Moeller, S. J., Crocker, J., & Bushman, B. J. (2009). Creating hostility and conflict: Effects of entitlement and self-image goals. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 448-452.

Neighbors, C., Vietor, N. A., & Knee, C. R. (2002). A motivational model of driving anger and aggression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 324-335. [added 6/4/04]

Newman, M.L., Josephs, R.A., & Guinn Sellers, J. (2005). Testosterone, cognition, and social status. Hormones and Behavior, 47, 205-211.

Nije Bijvank, M., Konijn, E. A., Bushman, B. J., & Roelofsma, P. H. M. P. (2009). Age and content labels make video games forbidden fruit for youth. Pediatrics, 123, 870-876.

Olshen, E., McVeigh, K. H., Wunsch-Hitzig, R. A., & Rickert, V. I. (2007). Dating violence, sexual assault, and suicide attempts among urban teenagers. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 161, 539-545. [added 7/14/07]

Pedersen, W. C., Bushman, B. J., Vasquez, E. A., & Miller, N. (2008). Kicking the (barking) dog effect: The moderating role of target attributes on triggered displaced aggression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1382-1395.

Peterson, J. S. & Ray, K. E. (2006). Bullying and the gifted: Victims, perpetrators, prevalence, and effects. Gifted Child Quarterly, 50, 148-168.

Rivers, I., Poteat, V. P., Noret, N., & Ashurst, N. (2009). Observing bullying at school: The mental health implications of witness status. School Psychology Quarterly, 24, 211-223.

Blog entry about the research

Shackelford, T. K., Goetz, A. T., Buss, D. M., Euler, H. A., & Hoier, S. (2005). When we hurt the ones we love: Predicting violence against women from men's mate retention tactics. Personal Relationships, 12, 447-463.

Sherry, J. L. (2001). The effects of violent video games on aggression: A meta-analysis. Human Communication Research, 27(3), 409-431.

Smith, A. & Varese, F. (2001). Payment, protection and punishment: The role of information and reputation in the Mafia. Rationality and Society, 13, 349–93. [added 6/4/08]